# Cybersecurity Fundamentals

## What is Cybersecurity?

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks. These attacks are usually aimed at accessing, changing, or destroying sensitive information, extorting money from users, or interrupting normal business processes.

## Types of Cyber Threats

### Malware
- **Viruses**: Malicious code that attaches to clean code and spreads
- **Ransomware**: Blocks access to data until a ransom is paid
- **Spyware**: Collects information without user knowledge

### Social Engineering
- **Phishing**: Fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information
- **Pretexting**: Creating a fabricated scenario to obtain information
- **Baiting**: Offering something enticing to entrap a victim

### Network Attacks
- **DDoS**: Overwhelming a system to make it unavailable
- **Man-in-the-Middle**: Intercepting and possibly altering communication
- **SQL Injection**: Inserting malicious code into SQL statements

## Security Measures

### Authentication
- **Passwords**: Strong, unique passwords for each account
- **Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)**: Additional layer of security
- **Biometrics**: Fingerprints, facial recognition

### Protection
- **Firewalls**: Monitor and filter network traffic
- **Antivirus Software**: Detect and remove malware
- **Encryption**: Convert information into a code to prevent unauthorized access

### Practices
- **Regular Updates**: Keep software and systems up to date
- **Backup**: Regular data backups to prevent data loss
- **Training**: Educate users about security risks and best practices